Narration( Speech) short-cut rules.

                           Narration Shortcut

Direct	Indirect
Reporting Verb : Present tense, Present Perfect Tense or Future Tense	Reported Speech: No change in tense
Reporting Verb : Past Tense	Reported Speech: Present Indefinite – past indefinite                               Present Continuous – Past Continuous                                  Present perfect Continuous- Past                                                                            Perfect Continuous                                                            Past Indefinite- Past Perfect                                   Past Continuous – Past Perfect                                                                      Continuous
Reported Speech: might, could, ought to, should,would,used to	No change
Reported Speech: had better	If subject is 1st and 3rd person, then “ Had better” won’t change.
Reported Speech: must	Must changes to had to.
Reported Speech: good morning, good evening, good night	wished
Reported Speech: good bye	Bid/ bade
Reported Speech: wh question words ( who, whom, what, which, why, where)	Wh question words will not change. Just verb changes.
Reported Speech: questions using “ Auxiliary verbs”	Changes to “if”

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Direct	Indirect
Here- there	Now - then
Ago - before	To night – last night
Come- go	Yesterday – the previous day
This - that	Today - that day
These - those	Next week – the following week
Thus - so	Tomorrow – the next day/ the following day
Hither – thither	Last night – the previous night